Last data update: May 06, 2024. (Total: 46732 publications since 2009)
Records 1-3 (of 3 Records) |
Query Trace: Tarkhashvili N[original query] |
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Regional variations in home canning practices and the risk of foodborne botulism in the Republic of Georgia, 2003
Tarkhashvili N , Chokheli M , Chubinidze M , Abazashvili N , Chakvetadze N , Imnadze P , Kretsinger K , Varma J , Sobel J . J Food Prot 2015 78 (4) 746-50 Foodborne botulism is a severe, paralytic illness caused by ingestion of preformed neurotoxins produced by Clostridium botulinum. In 2003, we conducted a population-based household survey of home canning practices to explore marked regional variations in botulism incidence in the Republic of Georgia (ROG). We designed a cluster sampling scheme and subdivided each of the 10 regions of the ROG into a variable number of strata. Households were selected from each stratum using a two-step cluster sampling methodology. We administered a questionnaire about home canning practices to household members responsible for food preparation. Using multivariate logistic regression analysis, we modeled high (eastern ROG) against low (western ROG) incidence areas. Overall, we surveyed 2,742 households nationwide. Home canning with a capping device hermetically sealing the lid covering the jar was practiced by 1,909 households (65.9%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 59.8 to 72.1%). Canning was more prevalent in regions of low botulism incidence (34 versus 32%; P < 0.01). When compared with low-botulism areas, the following practices were associated with an increased risk in high-botulism areas: ≥6 months between canning vegetables and consuming them (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.1; 95% CI: 1.3 to 3.5) and adding any of the following ingredients to the jar at time of preparation: >1 tablespoon of salt per liter (aOR = 5.1; 95% CI: 1.2 to 22.6); vinegar (aOR = 2.2; 95% CI: 1.3 to 3.7), and greens (aOR = 5.6; 95% CI: 1.7 to 18.2). The following practices were associated with a decreased risk in high-botulism areas: >57 jars canned per household annually (aOR = 0.5; 95% CI: 0.3 to 0.9), covering or immersing vegetables in boiling water before placing them into the jar (aOR = 0.3 95% CI: 0.2 to 0.6), covering or immersing vegetables in boiling water after placing them into the jar (aOR = 0.4; 95% CI: 0.2 to 0.9), or adding garlic (aOR = 0.2; 95% CI: 0.1 to 0.5) or aspirin (aOR = 0.1; 95% CI: 0.1 to 0.2) to the jar at the time of preparation. |
Alcohol-attributable deaths and years of potential life lost - 11 states, 2006-2010
Gonzales K , Roeber J , Kanny D , Tran A , Saiki C , Johnson H , Yeoman K , Safranek T , Creppage K , Lepp A , Miller T , Tarkhashvili N , Lynch KE , Watson JR , Phil D , Henderson D , Christenson M , Geiger SD . MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2014 63 (10) 213-6 Excessive alcohol consumption, the fourth leading preventable cause of death in the United States, resulted in approximately 88,000 deaths and 2.5 million years of potential life lost (YPLL) annually during 2006-2010 and cost an estimated $223.5 billion in 2006. To estimate state-specific average annual rates of alcohol-attributable deaths (AAD) and YPLL caused by excessive alcohol use, 11 states analyzed 2006-2010 data (the most recent data available) using the CDC Alcohol-Related Disease Impact (ARDI) application. The age-adjusted median AAD rate was 28.5 per 100,000 population (range = 50.9 per 100,000 in New Mexico to 22.4 per 100,000 in Utah). The median YPLL rate was 823 per 100,000 (range = 1,534 YPLL per 100,000 for New Mexico to 634 per 100,000 in Utah). The majority of AAD (median = 70%) and YPLL (median = 82%) were among working-age (20-64 years) adults. Routine monitoring of alcohol-attributable health outcomes, including deaths and YPLL, in states could support the planning and implementation of evidence-based prevention strategies recommended by the Community Preventive Services Task Force to reduce excessive drinking and related harms. Such strategies include increasing the price of alcohol, limiting alcohol outlet density, and holding alcohol retailers liable for harms related to the sale of alcoholic beverages to minors and intoxicated patrons (dram shop liability). |
Traditional risk factors for Helicobacter pylori infection not found among patients undergoing diagnostic upper endoscopy-Republic of Georgia, 2007-2008
Tarkhashvili N , Chakvetadze N , Mebonia N , Chubinidze M , Bakanidze L , Shengelidze V , Mirtskhulava M , Chachava T , Katsitadze G , Gabunia U , Kordzaia D , Imnadze P , Guarner J , Sobel J . Int J Infect Dis 2012 16 (9) e697-702 OBJECTIVES: Helicobacter pylori causes gastritis, duodenal ulcers, and gastric cancer. Although household crowding, low socioeconomic status (SES), and poor sanitation are associated with infection elsewhere, risk factors of infection in the Republic of Georgia (ROG), a country with a high prevalence rate (>70%), remain unknown. In this study we explored potential risk factors of infection among symptomatic patients in ROG. METHODS: During 2007-2008, we prospectively recruited 390 subjects with gastrointestinal symptoms referred to five tertiary care centers for diagnostic upper endoscopy. We administered a questionnaire on potential risk factors and tested patients using three diagnostic tests: gastric biopsies underwent histological evaluation and rapid urease test (CLO test), and an ELISA was used to detect IgG against H. pylori in serum. We defined a case as having two or more positive results from the three available tests. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed. RESULTS: Overall, 217 (56%) patients met the study case definition. Subjects diagnosed with cancer had the highest rate of H. pylori infection (62%), followed by those with gastritis (55%), and ulcer (54%). Age >30 years (adjusted odds ratio (aOR 2.6, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.6-4.3) and residing in the capital city (aOR 0.6, 95% CI 0.4-0.9) were significantly associated with infection. CONCLUSIONS: In this large cohort with gastrointestinal symptoms, only age >30 years and living in the capital were significant factors associated with infection. Lower SES, less education, and crowding did not confer an increased risk, in contrast to the findings of previous studies. Population-based studies are needed to identify potential routes and risk factors of H. pylori infection in ROG. |
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